Philomela

Philomela (/ˌfɪləˈmiːlə/) or Philomel (/ˈfɪləˌmɛl/) is a significant figure in Greek mythology whose tragic story has become a powerful symbol throughout Western literature and art.

Born a princess of Athens, Philomela was the daughter of King Pandion I and the naiad Zeuxippe. Her siblings included her sister Procne (who married Tereus, King of Thrace), Erechtheus, Butes, and possibly Teuthras.

The myth, though existing in several variations, centers on a tale of violence and transformation. After suffering rape and mutilation at the hands of her brother-in-law Tereus, Philomela eventually achieves revenge. The story culminates in her metamorphosis into a nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), a bird celebrated for its haunting song. This transformation has led to the nightingale's melody being frequently interpreted in literature as a lament of sorrow. Interestingly, in nature, only male nightingales sing, while females remain silent.